By adjusting the ratio of the speed of rotation of the workpiece and cutting tool translational speed, it will get a wide range of screw with the range of different sizes. This can be done dengna road translational gear swap (change gears) that connects the spindle shaft with a threaded shaft (lead screw).
Exchanger gear is provided specially to meet the purposes of making a thread. The number of teeth on each gear changers vary the amount ranging from number 15 to the number of teeth 127 maximum. Gears exchanger with the number 127 has to be used for monversi khususan because of screw thread metric to inches.
Working Principle of Lathe spindle shaft will rotate through the workpiece carrier disc so that the gears rotate on the spindle shaft. Through liaison gear, round gear will be delivered to the screw shaft. By threaded clamp, threaded shaft rotation is converted into translational motion in a sleigh that carries chisel. As a result, the workpiece will be screw-shaped incision.
2. Lathe
Parts of Lathe Machine Tool consists of a table (bed) and a fixed head (head stock). Inside there is a fixed head gears exchanger transmission shaft rotation that will rotate the spindle. Spindle shaft will menmutar workpiece through the block (chuck). The main sledge (appron) will move along the table while carrying a sledge latitude (cross slide) and sled (upper cross slide) and chisel holder. The main source of all the motion comes from the electric motor to rotate the pulley via a belt (belt).
2.2 Definition of Maintenance and Repair
Treatment is treatment technique is something the system of activities to keep, maintain, retain, develop and maximize the efficiency of all existing facilities within a workshop or industry so that capital / investment can be successfully planted to high and economically efficient.
The scope of treatment depends on the size / number of facilities and infrastructure in a lembagan, institutional, industrial / corporate and influenced by certain policies. Maintenance functions are organized techniques of maintenance and protection of all kinds of production, non-production is in the institution, the institution, the company.
The main duty of care is to perform maintenance, repair of tools, equipment, machinery and perlengkapanya and all units associated with the production process or activity with the use of the infrastructure.
As to the engine, then the lathe requires good care, so that he may always be ready to dioperasikan.Perawatan production machinery in general and khusus.Petunjuk performed general maintenance on a lathe usually has been given by the manufacturer of the machine, while the A special care should be sought by experience and based on theories regarding repairs to equipment or machinery.
1. The General Nursing
To keep the machine is not easily damaged and required treatment seksama.prosedur proper operation and maintenance of this lathe are:
- The lathe should not be exposed to direct sunlight
- in the implementation of such treatments replacement engine lubrication oil and grease administration, required to wear oil required by the engine manufacturer
- When finished operating the machine, clean the engine parts of burr-burr cutting results and coolant
- For installation on the main axis of the workpiece, the workpiece is not allowed to hit it hard to use the hammer / hammer
- Take care and look carefully for the operation of the machine, do not let the smooth burr-burr burr dank eras especially iron bone fell into the machine table and carried away by a sleigh.
- When finished operating the machine, set all-handel handel in neutral and turn off the power source of the machine
2. Specific treatments
This special treatment is done according to the schedule have been made, based on experience and guide the care provided by the engine manufacturer.
2.3 Part or component Care
Fixed head
On the lathe is holding the key to the success of the job using a lathe. A common damage terjadii on fixed head lathes include:
The main shaft rotation halting
The main shaft rotation is too heavy
Temperature or the temperature is too high off the head
The noisy sound on head off
No flashlight
2. Eretan
Errors or damage that often arise in a sleigh is as follows:
Very heavy sledge slid on bubut.penyelesaianya machine do the adjusting bolts examination density sledge, if too strong longarkan these bolts.
The results of this rata.hal not work because of the disorder in terjedi gear.usaha pinion gear handle it is by refining the pinion gear pinion or change their new
Ingestion on uneven kerjs object at time step otomatis.hal incision is automatic or not caused by the flashlight trasportir shaft.
Too heavy on the cutting time is due to too strong menyilang.kemungkinan binder bolt to pemotonga crossed.
Slice crosswise uneven surface (facing). Caused this possibility is not exactly setting the bolts fastening the shaft weeks to the cemetery.
Teralalu hard toolpost.hal movement is caused by impaired mounting pegs.
The position of the less scrupulous toolpost so poorly funeral.
Pumps on the apron is very difficult due dioprasikan.hal lubricating sudsh kotor.lakukan pembersian or replacement of lubricating oil and cleaning the pipes channel.
3. Head off
Head off easily vibrate or not setabil turning selsms implementation. If this is the case is less strong possibility binder bolt fastener head off the table or machine frame.
Key chak:
At key chak is a very important part of the tool, as a tool that is often used to open and tighten the chucks, care must be taken:
Check the fasteners / mouth lock looks worn or not, if it happens thirsty pengencangangan slip
If there are thirsty, need the addition of meat, by means of electric welding
Once welded later, fraislah (Milling Machine) to form a locking square (rectangular)
Once formed rapihkann; ah sharp parts so as not to injure workers
2.4 Types - Types of Care
In terms of care mentioned that there are two jobs that included the term "maintenance" and "repair". Treatment is intended as an activity to prevent damage, while the term is meant as a corrective action to repair the damage.
In general, in terms of time of execution of maintenance work, can be divided into two ways:
Planned maintenance (Planned Maintenance).
Unscheduled maintenance (Unplanned Maintenance).
In the schematic division of care can be seen in the following figure:
Forms of Treatment:
1. Preventative Maintenance (Preventive Maintenance)
Maintenance work is aimed at preventing the occurrence of the damage, or how care is planned for prevention (preventive). The scope of preventive work includes: inspection, minor repairs, lubrication and adjustment, so that the equipment or machinery during operation to avoid damage.
Corrective 2.Perawatan
Maintenance work is carried out to refine and improve the condition of facilities / equipment so as to achieve an acceptable standard. In the repair can be carried out in such a way improvements, such as making changes or modifications to the draft in order to get better equipment.
3. Treatments Walking
Where maintenance work is done when facilities or equipment in a working state. Treatment runs applied to equipment that must operate continuously in the service production process.
4. Predictive Maintenance
Predictive maintenance is carried out to determine the occurrence of changes or abnormalities in the physical condition and functionality of the system equipment. Predictive maintenance is usually done with the help of the senses or tools sophisticated monitors.
5. Treatment after the damage occurred (Breakdown Maintenance)
Maintenance work carried out after the event of damage to the equipment, and to be prepared for repair parts, materials, tools and labor.
6. Emergency Care (Emergency Maintenance)
Is repair work that must be done because there is congestion or unexpected damage.
In addition to the types of treatment that have been mentioned above, there are also several other types of work that could be considered a type of maintenance work such as:
Treatment by means of replacement (Replacement instead of maintenance)
Treatment is done by replacing the equipment without treatment, because the price of replacement equipment is cheaper when compared to the cost of treatment. Or the other reason is that if the technology development is very fast, the equipment is not designed for a long time, or many no longer possible faulty components repaired.
2. Replacement planned (Planned Replacement)
With a pre-determined time to replace equipment with new equipment, means the industry does not require a long time to perform maintenance, except to perform basic maintenance such as lubrication and minor adjustments. When the equipment has dropped its condition immediately replaced with a new one. How this replacement has the advantage, among others, the factory always has new equipment and ready to use.
Treatment Strategy:
The selection of the treatment program will affect the productivity of the factory production continuity. Because it needs to be considered carefully about the form of treatment that will be used primarily related to production requirements, time, cost, reliability and condition of equipment maintenance personnel are done.
In determining treatment strategy, many difficulties encountered include:
• skilled workforce
• Experienced Engineers
• Instrumentation sufficient support
• Good cooperation between the maintenance
Factors that influence the selection of treatment strategies:
• Age of equipment / machinery production
• The level of capacity use machines
• Availability of spare parts
• Ability to work quickly treatment section
• The market situation, preparedness funds and others.
While the improvement is a technique for treatment is something the system of activities to keep, maintain, retain, develop and maximize the efficiency of existing machines in a workshop or industry so that capital / investment made can be effective and economically efficient high.